Standards

A standard is defined as a «document established by consensus and approved by a recognized body that provides for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context» (ISO/IEC Guide 2:1992).

Lib4RI's Standards Portal is the central starting point for searching and finding standards at Eawag, Empa, PSI, and WSL. The portal allows to search for bibliographic information of more than 1.5 million standards and technical guidelines.

    • Lib4RI's Standards Portal is the central starting point for searching and finding standards at Eawag, Empa, PSI, and WSL. The portal allows to search for bibliographic information of more than 1.5 million standards and technical guidelines. This does away with the previous, sometimes tedious search across several sources and databases.
    • Lib4RI's Standards Portal includes the entire Perinorm Database, the world’s largest bibliographic database of national (SN, DIN, NF, VDI, …), European (EN) and international (IEC, ISO, ITU, …) standards and technical guidelines. The content of Perinorm is updated monthly.
    • In addition, Lib4RI's Standards Portal provides access to the bibliographic data of the following standards and guidelines: ASTM, AWWA, DVGW, DWA, SIA, VSS.
    • Lib4RI's Standards Portal offers online access to the full texts of a growing number of standards, currently including more than 2'000 SN and DIN, all ASTM and all IEEE standards. All other full texts can be requested from within the standards portal via the link resolver button and our «Document Delivery Service».
    • Please note that some standards, rules and guidelines cannot be found using Lib4RI's Standards Portal but Lib4RI has fulltext subscriptions nonetheless. These include the SVGW Guidelines.

  • In addition to the bibliographic data, some standards are directly available in full text to all Lib4RI users.

    Standards with attached full texts are marked with this document icon.
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    You can download standards with attached full texts by clicking this green triangle.
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    If the full text of a required standard is not available, the library can acquire it on your behalf. To order a standard, click this link resolver button and choose «Document Delivery Service». Please note that for some standards, license agreements do not permit us to send electronic copies. In these cases you will receive a paper copy.


    If several languages are available they are distinguished by DE (German), EN (English) and FR (French). If nothing is given, the original language of the standard applies.

    • ASTM Standards
      The «American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)» is a standards organisation that develops and publishes technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. ASTM standards are searchable via Lib4RI's Standards Portal. Full texts, however, are only accessible via https://compass.astm.org within the network of Eawag, Empa, PSI & WSL. Avoid using other links, including ASTM Home and links from the ASTM home page. These will land the user on «for purchase» search results.
    • AWWA Standards (American Water Works Association)
      The «American Water Works Association (AWWA)» publishes standards for equipment and materials used in the treatment and distribution of drinking water. Bibliographic information is provided within Lib4RI's Standards Portal. Full texts can be ordered via our link resolver «Get it at Lib4RI» and our «Document Delivery Service».
    • DIN Standards
      The «Deutsche Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN)» is the national standardization agency of Germany. Bibliographic references to all German standards (DIN) are included in Lib4RI's Standards Portal. Full texts for DIN standards are bought on demand and, if possible, deposited in «Lib4RI's Standards Portal» for all members of Eawag, Empa, PSI, and WSL. Missing full texts can be ordered via our link resolver «Get it at Lib4RI» and our «Document Delivery Service».
    • DVGW Guidelines
      Guidelines of the «Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches e.V.» are the basis of technical and scientific activities in the gas and water industry. Bibliographic information is included in Lib4RI's Standards Portal. Full texts can be ordered via our link resolver «Get it at Lib4RI» and our «Document Delivery Service».
    • DWA Rules and Standards
      The «Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall e. V. (DWA)» publishes technical rules for planning, construction and operation of plants in water management, wastewater management and waste management, as well as in soil conservation. Bibliographic information on DWA rules are available via Lib4RI's Standards Portal. Full texts can be ordered via our link resolver «Get it at Lib4RI» and our «Document Delivery Service».
    • IEEE Standards
      IEEE is the leading developer of global standards in a broad range of industries including biomedical and healthcare, information assurance, information technology, nanotechnology, power and energy, telecommunications, and transportation. All IEEE standards are available in full text via Lib4RI's Standards Portal or via IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
    • Perinorm
      «Perinorm» contains bibliographic information on the most important national, European and international standards and technical rules – currently over 1.5 million data sets [ list of included standards ]. The database is updated monthly. The entire content of Perinorm is included in Lib4RI's Standards Portal.
    • SIA Standards
      The «Schweizerischer Ingenieur- und Architektenverein (SIA)» publishes standards for planning and construction in Switzerland. Lib4RI's Standards Portal includes bibliographic information on SIA standards that have an SN code assigned. We hold a fulltext subscription to all SIA standards. However, due to very restrictive terms of use we are not allowed to include full texts in «Lib4RI's Standards Portal» or distribute them by other electronic means to members of Eawag, Empa, PSI and WSL. We will provide you with a paper copy of SIA standards on request. Full texts can be ordered within «Lib4RI's Standards Portal» via our link resolver «Get it at Lib4RI» and our «Document Delivery Service».
    • SN Standards
      The «Schweizerische Normen-Vereinigung (SNV)» is the national standardisation agency of Switzerland. Bibliographic references to all Swiss standards (SN) are included in Lib4RI's Standards Portal. The full text of several SN standards is also available. SN standards are bought on request for members of Eawag, Empa, PSI, and WSL. Missing full texts can be ordered via our link resolver «Get it at Lib4RI» and our «Document Delivery Service».
    • SVGW Guidelines
      Guidelines of the Schweizerischer Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches (SVGW) are the basis of technical and scientific activities in the Swiss gas and water industry. These guidelines are not included in «Lib4RI's Standards Portal». We do, however, have a full text subscription to all guidelines.
    • VSS Standards
      The «Schweizerische Verband der Strassen- und Verkehrsfachleute (VSS)» produces standards in the field of road and transportation in Switzerland. Lib4RI's Standards Portal includes bibliographic information on VSS standards that have an SN code assigned. Due to very restrictive terms of use we are not allowed to distribute them by electronic means to members of Eawag, Empa, PSI and WSL. We provide you with a paper copy of VSS standards on request. Full texts can be ordered within «Lib4RI's Standards Portal» via our link resolver «Get it at Lib4RI» and our «Document Delivery Service».

Further resources